Peter Paul Biro
~Fine Art Restoration
& Forensic studies in Art
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Peter Paul Biro
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At the end of the nineteenth century, physics and chemistry began to play an increasing role in the treatment of pictures. At first, isolated restorers made use of scientific techniques, such as radiography and a little later ultra-violet photography for diagnosis. As early as 1888, the Berlin State Museum had founded its own science laboratories. In 1915, the Vienna Kunsthistorische Museum had already begun to use X-ray photography and the British Museum followed in 1921, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Mass., and the Louvre in 1930. The laboratories of the Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique in Brussels and the Technology Department of the Courtauld Institute of Art, London University, were founded in 1935. Later, not only museums but also colleges and universities established laboratories for analysis and research and thus contributed to the progress of art conservation and art restoration. Harvard University was probably the first to start a research department devoted almost entirely to putting picture restoration on a scientific basis. Most recently, the Louvre in Paris opened a new research laboratory at a cost of $40 million. Today, radiography remains at the heart of diagnostics and analysis in art conservation and is used worldwide in most conservation laboratories. We also provide such services in X-ray analysis and interpretation. The use of this powerful tool enables us to make important discoveries and determinations as to condition, authorship and age.
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